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Home > Protein Information

Alpha-Fetoprotein (aFP)

AFP (alpha fetoprotein, AFP) is the high specificity of protein expressed in liver cancer cells, a lot of liver cancer patients (70-80%) during the period of onset has high AFP gene expression characteristics, AFP is an embryo protein, open and express its genes in fetal development process, the basic closed people born two years later, but adult liver cancer or liver benign regeneration occurs, AFP gene to be activated and a large number of expression, in clinic is regarded as a classic liver cancer tumor markers, and thus be regarded as the gold standard in the diagnosis of liver cancer.
A long-term study of the specific marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of liver cancer cells by Peking University and hainan medical college found that AFP had the biological function of inhibiting PTEN, leading to liver cancer cells' tolerance to all-trans-retinoic acid-induced apoptosis, which is the discovery of new functions of AFP. ATRA can induce the expression of PTEN (Phosphatase and tenhomolog deleted on constitution ten), PTEN is the Phosphatase that hydrolyzes 3-phosphoinositide (PIP3) and 2-phosphoinositol (PIP2), it can block Protein kinase B(PKB/AKT) and block the signal transmission of PI3K/AKT, so it is considered as an important tumor suppressor gene. Since the expression loss or decrease of PTEN is closely related to the high expression of AFP, AFP is a specific protein with high expression in liver cancer cells. Based on the assumption of the correlation between the expression of AFP and PTEN in liver cancer cells, the research group conducted an in-depth study on the biological function of the high expression of AFP in liver cancer cells.
The high expression of AFP gene is a concomitant phenomenon in the course of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that the extracellular AFP can bind to its receptor and mediate the growth information transfer. AFP in cells can not only inhibit the transduction of apoptotic signals, but also promote the transmission of growth signals, which is a new discovery that AFP has anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation functions. The results of this study endow AFP with the recognition of new functions and the search for new targets for the treatment of liver cancer.
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